Václav Havel (5 October 1936 – 18 December 2011) was a Czech writer, philosopher,dissident, and statesman. From 1989 to 1992, he served as the first democratically elected president of Czechoslovakia in 41 years. He then served as the first president of the Czech Republic (1993–2003) after the Czech–Slovak split. Within Czech literature, he is known for his plays, essays, and memoirs.He won the 2010 Franz Kafka Prize.