The present book is the third in the series of text books on Social Sciences for the Middle sections. The contents are based on the latest syllabus prescribed by the National Council of Educational Research and Training (NCERT). The book has been organized in four Units. These are ';Our Pasts - III, Resources and Development, Social and Political Development-III and Disaster Management. The total thrust of the syllabus is on enabling the students to grow up as reasonably well informed, responsible and mutually appreciative citizens. The future citizens would be able to contribute significantly to economic growth and social integration only if they are proud of their ancestry and tolerant of diversity. They have to be aware of the problems that follow economic growth and the need for development that is sustainable and inclusive.