The goal of this book is to provide a comprehensive view of the evolution of design of computers from zero generation to the stage of supercomputers, including its architecture & organization. It focuses on the basic principles of the subject along with its modern implementation. Modern electronic components being produced, using latest and innovative technologies employed in modern machines, have been included to explain the topics which lie in the domain of advanced architecture. The book has been developed primarily as a text for introductory level courses on the subject offered by diverse engineering disciplines.