Berta Vogel Scharrer was a German-born American scientist who helped to found the scientific discipline now known as neuroendocrinology. Berta Vogel Scharrer was born on December 1, 1906, in Munich, Germany, to Johanna Weiss Vogel and Karl Philip Vogel. She received her Ph.D. from the University of Munich. She worked at the university with Prof. Karl von Frisch, who shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1973 for his work with bees. Berta Scharrer was forced to emigrate at the onset of the Holocaust. She arrived with her husband, Ernst Scharrer, in the United States with a total of eight dollars. Despite discrimination against women scientists at the time she eventually got a professorship at Albert Einstein College of Medicine, a branch of Yeshiva University, in September 1955. In 1983 she traveled to the White House to accept the nation's highest scientific honor, the National Medal of Science. He died on July 23, 1995 in The Bronx, New York City, New York, United States.