Political processes and economic change are deeply intertwined in a globalizing world and recognition of their linkages is crucial for understanding the role of any government in economic activity.This short introduction discusses the politics of India's economic growth, state welfare, and development experience, situating it within a larger framework of globalization. It outlines the complex yet inevitable dependency of public welfare on the growth process, pointing out the Indian state's successes and failures on developmental fronts. It evaluates the main political factors impacting India's nearly three-decade-old engagement with economic reforms, globalization, and development.