This book offers an overview of key recent advances in cognitive electrophysiology which concern the study of the brain’s electrical and magnetic responses to both external and internal stimuli. These can be measured using electroencephalograms (EEGs) and magneto encephalograms (MEGs).The chapters highlight the increasing overlap in EEG and MEG analytical techniques, describing several methods applicable to both. The text discusses recent developments, including reverse correlation methods in visual-evoked potentials and a new approach to topographic mapping in high density electrode montage—relating the latest thinking on design aspects of EEG and MEG studies, in particular how to optimize the signal to noise ratio as well as statistical developments for maximizing power and accuracy in data analysis using repeated measure ANOVAS.